Growing Fidget Spinners Risk to Children

>Move over hoverboards — electric fidget spinners are the latest toy to start exploding
June 29, 2017, Sacramento Bee
The fidget spinner craze that has swept through the U.S. in recent months has reached its inevitable conclusion: The tri-pronged little toys have began erupting in flames. There have been two recently documented cases of exploding fidget spinners. The Consumer Product Safety Commission is now investigating.

>Fidget Spinner Explosions Threaten Consumer Safety, Bluetooth Based Models Might Be A Hazard
June 30, 2017, International Business Times
A family in Gardendale, Alabama, told WRBC on Tuesday their Bluetooth enabled fidget spinner burst into flames while charging. Kimberly Allums heard her son screaming and found his fidget spinner had caught fire. The incident has exposed how fidget spinners, considered a toy for children, might actually be a fire hazard.

CPSC press conference on the Washington Mall demonstrates fireworks hazards
July, 2017, cpsc.gov
The Consumer Product Safety Commission maintains a Fireworks Information Center at its cpsc.gov website. Its goal is to remind consumers about the danger of fireworks, causing serious burn and eye injuries, and what can be done to help prevent injuries.

How appliances catch fire
June 24, 2017, Consumer Reports
A Hotpoint refrigerator is the suspected cause of what the New York Times is calling Britain’s deadliest fire in a century, the Grenfell Tower fire in London, which killed at least 79 people earlier this month. Fire investigators are still examining the refrigerator to see what sparked the fire. Consumer Reports analyzed appliance fires in a 2012 report, “Appliance Fires Pose a Safety Concern.” It has been noted that refrigerators run continuously, and once the electrical components catch fire, plastics in the rest of the unit provide more fuel.

Ikea dresser recall falling short, safety advocates warn
June 29, 2017, Philly.com
One year after Ikea recalled 29 million potentially unstable dressers following the deaths of seven children, safety advocates are issuing a stark warning: The recall wasn’t good enough. Only 3 percent of the dressers had been repaired or returned as of January. In a letter sent Wednesday to Acting Chairman Ann Marie Buerkle of the Consumer Product Safety Commission, a group of advocates said Ikea hasn’t done its part to get the products out of homes or sufficiently highlighted the threat. An Ikea spokesperson said that the company has invested millions of dollars, and gone beyond what its agreement with the government required, to inform consumers about the recall.

The toy supply chain: time to take a deeper look
June 28, 2017, Industry Week
Coming off its strongest annual revenue growth in 17 years, led by an uptick in toy licensing by the entertainment sector, the $20.36 billion industry has both the means and the motivation to take the next step: addressing the safety requirements of products made by of an ever-greater supply chain complexity posing potential risks to safety and performance.

A.G. Schneiderman Leads 12-State Coalition In Opposing Regulatory Rollbacks That Would Jeopardize Americans’ Health & Safety
June 27, 2017, Long Island News
New York State’s Attorney General, Eric T. Schneiderman, leading a coalition of 12 state Attorneys General, wrote U.S. Senate leadership expressing “strong opposition” to S. 951, the proposed Regulatory Accountability Act of 2017 (RAA), which would jeopardize the health, safety, and wellbeing of the American public. In a letter addressed to Senate leadership the coalition contends that the RAA would bring the federal regulatory process “to a grinding halt,” thereby obstructing the implementation of laws that protect Americans from toxic chemicals, predatory marketing practices, dangerous labor conditions, unsafe food and drugs, and much more.

Bamboozled: Victory close for child safety advocates after N.J. Senate vote on baby mattresses
June 27, 2017, nj.com
Child safety advocates crossed a big hurdle after a bill to ban the sale of supplemental baby mattresses passed in the New Jersey Senate Monday afternoon. The vote came down to the wire, with neither side sure of whether the bill would pass. Critics of the mattresses, which are sold separately from playpens and play yards, argued the products pose a suffocation danger to babies because an infant’s head could get stuck in between the mattress and the soft side of a playpen. Federal warning labels tell parents to only use the mattress or padding that comes with the playpen.

Japanese airbag maker Takata files for bankruptcy, gets Chinese backing
June 26, 2017, Reuters
Japan’s Takata Corporation, at the center of the auto industry’s biggest-ever product recall, filed for bankruptcy protection in the United States and Japan, and said it had agreed to be largely acquired for $1.6 billion by the Chinese-owned U.S.-based Key Safety Systems. Takata faces tens of billions of dollars in costs and liabilities resulting from almost a decade of recalls and lawsuits. Its airbag inflators have been linked to at least 16 deaths and 180 injuries around the world because they can rupture and send metal fragments flying.

California to list herbicide as cancer-causing; Monsanto vows fight
June 27, 2017 Reuters
Glyphosate, an herbicide and the active ingredient in Monsanto Co’s popular Roundup weed killer, will be added to California’s list of chemicals known to cause cancer effective July 7, the state’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) recently reported. Monsanto vowed to continue its legal fight against the designation, required under the state law known as Proposition 65, and called the decision “unwarranted on the basis of science and the law.”

Cornerstone Publishing Released the 2017 Edition of the Proposition 65 Handbook
June 30, 2017 PRWeb
The latest edition of the Proposition 65 Handbook was recently published. It expands on several topics discussed in the 2013 edition, including revised warning regulations, controversial chemical listings, and the explosive increase in litigation since 2013.

Liquid Laundry Detergent Pods Pose Lethal Risk for Adults With Dementia
June 15, 2017, Consumer Reports
A new report from Consumer Reports says that eight deaths related to ingesting liquid laundry packets in the U.S. took place between 2012 and early 2017. The information was obtained from reports to the Consumer Product Safety Commission. Two of the cases were young children and six were adults with dementia. A spokesperson for the manufacturer of the pods, Procter & Gamble, said: “We are deeply saddened by this and have taken action to understand and help prevent these types of incidents.”

Toothpick Crossbow: The Worrying ‘Toy’ Trend From China Parents Need To Be Aware Of
June 22, 2017, Huffington Post
Parents are being warned about a worrying new “toy” that allows kids to fire needles, toothpicks and even nails from a mini crossbow. The device, called a “toothpick crossbow”, was originally intended just to fire toothpicks, but kids are now swapping them out for more dangerous items. Commentators are drawing comparisons between fidget spinners and the toothpick crossbow as growing dangers that parents need to be concerned about.

REGULATORS POINT-COUNTER POINT:

Paralysis by analysis is not regulatory reform
June 20, 2017, The Regulatory Review
CPSC Commissioner Robert Adler disagrees with fellow Commissioner Joseph Mohorovic on ways to improve the regulatory process at the agency. Adler evaluates 4 points offered by Mohorovic in a 2-part series of article he wrote that appeared earlier in The Regulatory Review.

The Administrative State run amok
June 21, 2017, The Regulatory Review
CPSC Joseph Mohorovic replies to fellow-Commissioner Robert Adler’s rebuttal to an earlier series of articles by Mohorovic on improving the regulatory process at the agency.   Mohorovic based his analysis on “use of four regulatory best practices that, among others, could improve the regulatory work product from CPSC and agencies across the federal government,’ including clearer statements and “honesty in regulatory agendas” and avoiding duplication of the work done by other agencies.

Consumer safety commission looks to reduce regulatory burdens
June 15, 2017, The Hill
The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is asking the public to suggest ways the agency could reduce the burdens and costs of its existing rules, regulations and practices without harming consumers. Executive orders issued earlier this year by President Trump directed certain actions by federal agencies to reduce the number of regulations coming from government. Though these orders are not definitively applicable to independent agencies, CPSC Acting Chair Ann Marie Buerkle said it’s important to comply with the spirit of such orders.

EPA Update: Federal research on recycled tire crumb used on playing fields
epa.gov
On February 12, 2016, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), and the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) launched a multi-agency Federal Research Action Plan on Recycled Tire Crumb Used on Playing Fields and Playgrounds to study key environmental and human health questions. This update explains what has, and has not, been completed since then.

Opinion: Advocacy groups have ulterior motive in wanting weed killer banned
June 21, 2017, Modesto Bee
When California’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) announced the weed killer glyphosate would top its list of chemicals suspected of causing cancer, environmental groups cheered – but not for the reasons you may suspect according to an official of an industry advocacy group. The list, born from the 1986 law Proposition 65, is as much a boon to their pocketbook as it is to their moral authority. The author, Joseph Perrone of the Center for Accountability in Science, a non-profit organization supported by businesses, foundations, and individuals, criticizes Proposition 65’s “bounty hunter” provision allowing advocacy groups to enforce the law’s compliance via law suits that generate revenue for the groups and their attorneys.

EPA sets rules to regulate toxic chemicals under 2016 law
June 22, 2017, Washington Post
The Environmental Protection Agency just issued new rules and other documents outlining how it will regulate toxic chemicals under a landmark law passed by Congress last year. The rules, issued on the one-year anniversary of the law’s signature by President Barack Obama, set standards for how the EPA will identify and evaluate high-priority chemicals and impose reporting requirements for industry.

U.K. Consumer Advocate: Government ‘failing on product safety’
June 19, 2017, BBC
A review was published in the U.K. in February 2016, but according to a consumer advocate the government has not acted on any of its findings, noting the Grenfell Tower fire disaster as the latest example of government deficiency in product safety matters. The review’s key recommendations included: Creating an independent small body or “tsar” to oversee product recalls and safety regulations, creation of an official website where consumers and businesses could find out all they needed to know about safety warnings and recalls, and better data and information sharing by officials tasked with protecting the public.

Chinese regulations update: knowledge and compliance
June 21, 2017, cosmeticsdesign.com
As of December 2016, cosmetics items entering China must now comply with updated and clearer China Food and Drug Administration regulations. The permitted list of cosmetics has now been reduced and the restricted list extended. With the enforcement of products entering China enhanced, producers and exporters face stricter rules.

More fidget spinner incidents as concerns spread

Firefighter warning of fidget spinners after metal piece ends up in daughter’s stomach
June 9, 2017, Fox59TV
A new fad many kids have their hands on is prompting a warning from some firefighters. A Decatur Township fireman said a few minutes with a fidget spinner ended up with a trip to the hospital for his 9-year old daughter, when a small part broke off of the gadget and into her mouth. The incident prompted a statement from the Consumer Product Safety Commission: “CPSC is investigating reported incidents involving children and fidget spinners. We advise parents to keep these away from young children, because if a part liberates from the fidget spinner and is a small part they can choke on small parts. Warn older children not to put fidget spinners in their mouths. We urge consumers to report any incidents with this product to CPSC at www.SaferProducts.gov.”

Your Fidget Spinner is reshaping the retail industry
June 6, 2017, BuzzFeed
As trending gadgets are sold directly from Chinese manufacturers to American consumers, traditional middlemen and regulators struggle to keep up.Thanks to companies like Amazon, Alibaba, Facebook and Google, Chinese manufacturers can now reach American consumers without the traditional middlemen, and without the need for expensive advertising campaigns.

Fidget spinners becoming very popular with kids but concern some parents
June 6, 2017, KY3
They’re suddenly the hottest toy for kids of all ages. Fidget spinners are popping up in stores all over the Ozarks, and kids are collecting them. But some parents have mixed feelings about the toys. The latest concern: a lead-poisoning prevention advocate, Tamara Rubin, tested several fidget spinners, and found high levels of lead and mercury in a couple of them.

Provisional Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.; Kawasaki Motors Corp., U.S.A.; and Kawasaki Motors Manufacturing Corp., U.S.A., Provisional Acceptance of a Settlement Agreement and Order
June 5, 2017, 4-Traders
This specific document states the details of the events leading up to Kawasaki’s acceptance of a $5.2 million settlement agreement with the Consumer Product Safety Commission based on its alleged failure to report and misrepresenting information presented to the CPSC. The document states that “Kawasaki’s settlement of this matter does not constitute an admission by Kawasaki, or a determination by the Commission, that Kawasaki violated the CPSA.”

Commissioner Robinson: It’s never too early for safety: looking for the next consumer protection safety all stars
May 25, 2017, cpsc.gov
Commissioner Marietta Robinson’s Blog has unveiled details of a new youth incentive program, the Consumer Protection Safety All-Stars, that she and then Commissioner Ann Marie Buerkle, now Acting Chair of the CPSC, introduced in 2016. The Consumer Protection Safety All-Stars is a free lesson plan that incorporates standards-based activities designed for elementary and middle school students ages 8-12 in grades 3-7. This program teaches children to identify recalled products; informs them of the importance of product safety warnings; and encourages them to share their consumer product safety knowledge with their families, friends, and communities. The seeds of the initiative were planted in a brainstorming session led by Commissioner Robinson on ways to increase recall effectiveness, during a 2014 product safety management program held at Saint Louis University.

Medical costs of bike crashes on the rise
June 9, 2017, Reuters
Over the last two decades, the number of people injured in bicycle accidents in the U.S. has been rising and the cost of each crash has also gone up, according to a recent study based in part on the Consumer Product Safety Commission’s Injury Cost Model to determine costs of work missed and quality of life lost due to crashes. The total cost of bicycle injuries over the study period was $ 209 billion for nonfatal injuries and $28 billion for bike-related deaths.

CPSC: Testing and Certification
business information, cpsc.gov
Federal law requires manufacturers and importers to test many consumer products for compliance with consumer product safety requirements. Based on passing test results, the manufacturer or importer must certify the consumer product as compliant with the applicable consumer product safety requirements in a written or electronic certificate.  Certificates are required to accompany the applicable product or shipment of products covered by the certificate, and a copy must be provided to retailers, distributors and, upon request, to the government. This guide from the CPSC provides descriptions and types of testing and certificates.

Consumer product additives examined
June 5, 2017, Chemical and Engineering News
Consumer products maker SC Johnson and the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), an advocacy group, have separately undertaken initiatives seeking to limit consumer exposure to potentially harmful additives in consumer products. Consumer product firms are being pushed to better disclose ingredients in household and personal care products. Retailers Target and Walmart, for instance, have pressured suppliers on ingredient transparency and insisted that many products be reformulated to remove problematic preservatives such as parabens and formaldehyde donors.

EPA To Promulgate SNURs for 37 Chemical Substances
Thursday, June 8, 2017, National Law Review (Bergeson & Campbell, PC)
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has released a pre-publication version of its direct final rule signed on April 5, 2017, which states that EPA will be promulgating significant new use rules (SNUR) under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) for 37 chemical substances which were the subject of pre-manufacture notices (PMN).  This action will require persons who intend to manufacture or process any of these 37 chemical substances for an activity that is designated as a significant new use (SNU) by this rule to notify EPA at least 90 days before commencing that activity

European Commission Directorate General for Inte: Consumer confidence in chemicals improving 10 years after Reach entry into force
June 8, 2017, 4-Traders
On 1 June 2007, the REACH Regulation, cornerstone of EU chemicals legislation, entered into force. One of the reasons for developing REACH was to improve citizens’ confidence in the EU regulatory framework and the safety of products. Today, 44% of EU citizens consider that safety of chemicals contained in products has improved in the last 10-15 years, and have a higher level of confidence in products manufactured in the EU compared to those imported from outside.

Texas A&M professors publish research on automaker recalls
June 4, 2017, The Eagle
The automobile industry experienced an average of 122 recalls per year between 1995 and 2010, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Most consumers, though, don’t conduct a study on crisis management strategies and the long-term effects of product recalls on a firm’s value, which is what two professors at the Mays Business School at Texas A&M University did.

2017’s Dangerous Toy Craze Unfolding: Fidget Spinners

>Fidget spinners being investigated by U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
May 26, 2017, click2houston.com
They’re the latest craze, but now fidget spinners are at the center of an investigation by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. An incident involving a 10-year old girl who swallowed a piece of the popular toy in the Houston area helped sparked the investigation. In a statement to a Houston television station the CPSC confirmed it’s looking into fidget spinners because of the local incident and another one in Oregon. The agency urged parents to keep the product away from young children, while warning older children not to put fidget spinners in their mouths.

>Customs seize 110,000 of classroom craze fidget spinners
May 26, 2017, Irish News
Customs officials have impounded tens of thousands of fidget spinners amid fears over their safety. The must-have toy has been in very short supply because of a continuing craze among the country’s school children. While the fidget spinner was originally designed as a a stress relieving aid to help people living with autism or ADHD to concentrate, there has been an explosion in demand. While many of the products on sale in Ireland meet the standards set under the EU Toy Safety Directive, there are fears over inferior products amid the rush of imports

Are you ready for the new California Prop 65 warning requirements?
May 22, 2017, troutmanandsanders.com
Last year, the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) issued new regulations under California Proposition 65 concerning the exposure warnings required for consumer products. While the new regulations will not be fully effective until August 30, 2018, businesses should be readying their new warnings now.

What to do when the government comes calling: A checklist for handling facility inspections
May 22, 2017, JDSupra (Thompson Colburn LLP)
Government inspectors are at the front gate and want to perform an inspection of the facility — right now. What do you do? Thankfully, as a result of careful planning, you reach into your desk drawer, pull out your inspection kit and the checklist described herein — which you are quite familiar with, having already completed the pre-inspection planning — and stroll confidently out to greet your visitors.

Statement of Commissioner Elliot F. Kaye on the vote for the FY 2018 performance budget request to Congress
May 25, 2017, cpsc.gov
On May 16, 2017, the Commission approved a Fiscal Year 2018 Performance Budget Request to Congress of $123 million, an amount $7.5 million less than the amount the Commission requested last year, and $3 million less than what Congress appropriated for FY 2017. Instead of approving the proposed budget, Commissioner Kaye offered an amendment he felt would fund some additional initiatives that would enhance CPSC safety efforts.

U.S. chemical safety board faces death sentence
May 22, 2017, Chemical and Engineering News
President Trump has a plan to kill the investigation panel that could leave industry without a key tool to reduce risk. Trump’s plan to eliminate CSB by defunding it, announced in March, has generated an outpouring of support for the board.Ultimately, the fate of CSB will turn on whether Congress decides to provide funding for it, which for FY 2017 totals $11 million

CSB Report: St. Louis tank in deadly explosion needed emergency repairs
May 26, 2017, Insurance Journal
A giant steam-filled tank weighing nearly 2,000 pounds that exploded at a St. Louis box plant, flew a quarter-mile into the air and smashed into a neighboring building, was being used despite needing emergency repairs according to investigators from the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board. The horrifying April 3 explosion at Loy-Lange Box Co left four people dead.

Safety News – First Quarter Product Recalls
Q1-2017, cpsc.gov
The CPSC has published a complete list of all product recall press releases issued during the first quarter of 2017.

New report: Fatal drownings in pools involving young children decreases by 17% national wide since 2010
May 23, 2017, Health News Digest
A new report from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) shows that the number of reported fatal child drownings in swimming pools involving children younger than 5 has decreased 17 percent nationwide since 2010. Despite the decrease, fatal and non-fatal child drownings in pools and spas continue to pose a public health challenge across the United States, according to CPSC Acting Chairman Ann Marie Buerkle, who urged families to be vigilant when children are in and around the water this summer.

ATVs should never be treated as toys
May 24, 2017, Johnson City Press
Physicians at Vanderbilt University Medical Center say the number of people they have treated this year for injuries from all-terrain vehicle accidents is reaching an all-time high. The Associated Press reported earlier this week that VUMC officials say the Nashville hospital has treated 48 ATV accident victims, including 14 children, since the beginning of the year, and it’s still another month until the start of summer — the peak of the ER trauma season.

Pool Safely and Michael Phelps Foundation announce partnership to help families stay safer in and around pools and spas
May 20, 2017, Marketwatch.com
At a poolside press event in Chicago, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission’s (CPSC) Pool Safely campaign and the Michael Phelps Foundation announced a new partnership focused on addressing a serious public health crisis: child drownings. “CPSC is excited to collaborate with the greatest swimmer in the history of the sport and his Foundation to help educate millions of Americans and their families about the simple water safety steps that can save lives,” said CPSC Commissioner Joseph Mohorovic, who participated in the event.

I-Team: As bounce houses grow in popularity, safety regulations haven’t kept up
May 16, 2017, nbcnewyork.com
Amid increasing concerns over the safety of children’s bounce houses and calls for regulation, a media group reports that a critical New York State advisory board, created by law after a string of deadly amusement park accidents, hasn’t met in six years. The Carnival, Fair and Amusement Park Safety Advisory Board – a panel of industry experts – was formed in 2006 with a mandate to advise the state Labor Department commissioner on “rules, regulations and statutes” for everything from mechanical rides to inflatables. The CPSC reports over 113,000 emergency room visits for injuries, and 12 deaths associated with the product from 2003-2013.

CPSC Commissioner Viewpoints:

>Acting Chair Ann Marie Buerkle: The Acting Chair releases a May 17, 2017 e-mail update on what is happening at the CPSC.  She shares reflections on the majority/minority composition of the Commissioners, the revocation of the magnet standard from the CFR, and developments on portable generators and table saws.

>Commissioner Elliot Kaye: The Commissioner releases a policy paper on hazards of padded crib bumpers developed by his Senior Advisor, Dr. Jonathon Midgett, including recommendations on possible performance standards to address the hazards.

Following plumber’s death, electric ranges recalled by Arçelik A.S., due to shock and electrocution hazards
May 19, 2017, cpsc.gov
Following the fatal incident, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), Arçelik A.S. of Turkey and Beko US, of Bolingbrook, Ill. announced the voluntary recall of about 6,300 Blomberg and Summit brand freestanding electric ranges. The electric ranges can become energized because a screw was not installed to secure the grounding strap during manufacturing, posing electric shock and electrocution hazards.

Australia: Fidget spinners probe launched in WA after reported eye injuries, battery concerns
May 19, 2017, abc.net.au
An investigation has been launched into the safety of fidget spinners in WA after reports of injuries and concerns over some models that contain button batteries. Consumer Protection launched the probe after an 11-year-old boy in Victoria reportedly suffered a serious eye injury from one of the models. The palm-sized spinners are three-pronged and spin on a central bearing. They have been marketed as helping children with ADHD and autism.

News Investigators: Samsung microwave catches fire
May 19, 2017, Chicago.cbslocal.com
A media story on the incident at a consumer’s home uncovered other instances of burnt Samsung microwaves. Sixty-one fire-related complaints were filed with the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission dating back to 2011. Often, the reports are similar relating to the interior side panel burning and melting and there are repeated concerns about the potential fire danger.

EU to propose 10-year license renewal for weed killer glyphosate
May 19, 2017, UK Reuters.com
The European Commission will propose extending by 10 years its approval for weed-killer glyphosate, used in Monsanto’s Roundup. A transatlantic row over possible risks to human health has prompted investigations by congressional committees in the United States, and in Europe has forced a delay to a re-licensing decision for Monsanto’s big-selling Roundup herbicide. A new study issued in March by the European Chemical Agency (ECHA) paved the way for the Commission’s decision to restart negotiations with EU nations over renewing the license for glyphosate, despite opposition from environmental groups.

Youth football numbers drop amid injury fears
May 16, 2017, oakpark.com
In the last decade, according to club officials, the number of children registered to play football with the organization has dropped by around 50 percent — from a high of more than 300 registered participations roughly eight years ago to what officials project could be around 150 players this upcoming season. Driving the decline, officials say, is widespread concern among parents about the safety of the sport, particularly the health risks related to frequent head trauma. The fear is national.

Dow Chemical receives 2017 U.S. EPA Safer Choice Partner of the Year Award; recognized for the development and promotion of safer product alternatives
May 17, 2017, 4-Traders.com
The two products address environmental and health hazards. ECOSURF EH Surfactants enables superior hard surface cleaning performance with an improved environmental profile. BLUEDGE Polymeric Flame Retardant Technology is an innovation that is transforming the market as the next-generation industry standard flame retardant for use in polystyrene foam insulation.

Emerson wins Environmental Health and Safety Innovation Award
May 17, 2017, Corporate Responsibility Newswrite
Independent research firm, Verdantix, recognized the multinational technology and engineering company headquartered in St. Louis, Missouri (USA). Emerson won in the utilities and telecoms category for the implementation of a new material compliance management system developed by iPoint, a provider of software and consulting for environmental and social product compliance, process compliance, sustainability, and digital circular economy.